原文標題： SpaceX's giant Starship Mars rocket nails critical 10th test flight in stunning comeback 原文連結：https://tinyurl.com/2k2bbfvn 發布時間：10:13 PM EDT, Tue August 26, 2025 記者署名：Mike Wall 原文內容： SpaceX's Starship megarocket took to the skies for the 10th time ever today ( Aug. 26), on a bold test flight that marked a big bounceback from recent failures. SpaceX 的星艦巨型火箭於今天（8月26日）進行了其歷史上的第十次飛行，這是一次大膽 的測試飛行，標誌著從最近的失敗中強勢反彈。 Starship, the largest and most powerful rocket ever built, lifted off from SpaceX's Starbase site in South Texas today at 7:30 p.m. EDT (2330 GMT; 6:30 p .m. local Texas time). That was two days later than originally planned; an issue with ground systems at Starbase forced a scrub on Sunday (Aug. 24), and bad weather caused another one on Monday (Aug. 25). 星艦是有史以來最大、最強大的火箭，今天下午7:30（美國東部夏令時，格林威治時間 2330；德州當地時間下午6:30）從 SpaceX 位於德州南部的 Starbase 發射場升空。這比 原計劃晚了兩天；Starbase 的地面系統問題導致週日（8月24日）的發射取消，惡劣天氣 又導致週一（8月25日）再次取消。 But it was worth the wait: Starship did everything SpaceX asked it to today, getting the giant vehicle back on track after a string of issues. 但等待是值得的：星艦今天完成了 SpaceX 要求它做的所有事情，在一連串問題之後，讓 這艘巨大的飛行器重回正軌。 "That was absolutely incredible," SpaceX Build Reliability Engineer Amanda Lee said during live launch commentary. "A huge congrats to all the teams here." SpaceX 的製造可靠性工程師 Amanda Lee 在直播評論中說道：「這絕對是不可思議的。 」「向這裡的所有團隊表示巨大的祝賀。」 "Great work by the SpaceX team!!!" SpaceX CEO Elon Musk wrote on X after the flight. SpaceX 執行長 Elon Musk 在飛行後於 X 上寫道：「SpaceX 團隊做得太棒了！！！」 A rocky road recently 最近崎嶇不平的道路 Today's flight was the 10th overall for Starship, which is designed to be fully and rapidly reusable, and its fourth of 2025 so far. The year's three previous liftoffs didn't go entirely to plan. 今天的飛行是星艦的第十次總體飛行，也是2025年以來的第四次。星艦旨在實現完全且快 速的重複使用。今年前三次發射並不完全按計劃進行。 The company lost the Ship vehicle, Starship's 171-foot-tall (52 meters) upper stage, less than 10 minutes after liftoff on both Flight 7 and Flight 8, which launched in January and March, respectively. The Ship on Flight 9 in May made it considerably farther, but still fell short of its planned Indian Ocean splashdown: The spacecraft broke apart as it reentered Earth's atmosphere about 45 minutes after liftoff. 該公司在1月和3月發射的第7次和第8次飛行中，都在升空後不到10分鐘就失去了星艦的52 米高上層級「飛船（Ship）」。5月第9次飛行的飛船飛得更遠，但仍然未能按計劃在印度 洋濺落：在升空約45分鐘後，飛船在重返地球大氣層時解體。 SpaceX suffered another Ship setback in June, when the vehicle it was prepping for Flight 10 exploded on a Starbase test stand. The upper stage was completely destroyed, forcing SpaceX to switch to another Ship. 6月，SpaceX 遭遇了另一個飛船挫折，當時他們正在為第10次飛行準備的飛船在 Starbase 測試台上爆炸。上層級被完全摧毀，迫使 SpaceX 更換另一艘飛船。 Starship's giant first-stage booster, named Super Heavy, has performed better as of late. For example, the booster successfully returned to Starbase for a dramatic catch by the launch tower's "chopstick" arms on both Flight 7 and Flight 8. 星艦巨大的第一級助推器，名為「超重型（Super Heavy）」，最近的表現較好。例如， 在第7次和第8次飛行中，助推器都成功返回 Starbase，並被發射塔的「筷子」臂戲劇性 地捕獲。 SpaceX notched a major Super Heavy milestone on Flight 9 as well, reflying the booster for the first time. (The same vehicle launched on Flight 7). But there was also a hiccup on the May mission. SpaceX 在第9次飛行中也取得了超重型助推器的一項重大里程碑，首次重複使用該助推器 （與第7次飛行是同一艘）。但5月的任務也出現了小插曲。 SpaceX conducted a number of experiments with Super Heavy on Flight 9, including bringing it back to Earth at a different angle, and so aimed for a splashdown in the Gulf of Mexico rather than a somewhat risky return to Starbase. But Super Heavy didn't hit the water intact, exploding above the waves during the final stages of its descent. SpaceX 在第9次飛行中對超重型助推器進行了多項實驗，包括以不同角度將其帶回地球， 因此目標是在墨西哥灣濺落，而不是冒險返回 Starbase。但超重型助推器在降落的最後 階段於海面上空爆炸，沒有完整地落入水中。 SpaceX studied the above issues in detail, then diagnosed them and came up with fixes. For example, the company traced Ship's Flight 9 problems to a failure of the vehicle's main fuel tank pressurization system diffuser. Engineers redesigned the diffuser "to better direct pressurized gas into the main fuel箱 and substantially decrease the strain on the diffuser structure," SpaceX wrote in a report about the Flight 9 anomaly. SpaceX 詳細研究了上述問題，診斷出原因並提出了修復方案。例如，該公司追溯到飛船 在第9次飛行的問題是由其主燃料箱增壓系統的擴散器故障引起的。工程師們重新設計了 擴散器，「以更好地將加壓氣體導向主燃料箱，並大幅減輕擴散器結構的壓力」，SpaceX 在一份關於第9次飛行異常的報告中寫道。 Super Heavy's breakup on Flight 9 was likely caused by unexpectedly high forces on the booster's fuel transfer tube, which itself was the result of the higher "angle of attack" during descent, the company added. Future flights will reduce that angle to minimize the chance that the same problem will recur . 該公司補充說，超重型助推器在第9次飛行中解體可能是由助推器燃料傳輸管上意外的高 應力造成的，而這本身是下降過程中較高的「攻角」所導致的。未來的飛行將減少該角度 ，以將同樣問題再次發生的可能性降到最低。 And the culprit of the June test-stand explosion was undetected damage to a composite overwrapped pressure vessel (COPV) in Ship's payload bay section, according to SpaceX. (COPVs in that area contain nitrogen gas that's used by Ship's environmental control system.) 根據 SpaceX 的說法，6月測試台爆炸的罪魁禍首是飛船酬載艙中的複合材料包覆壓力容 器（COPV）受到了未被發現的損壞。（該區域的 COPV 裝有氮氣，用於飛船的環境控制系 統。） "To address the issue, COPVs on upcoming flights will operate at a reduced pressure with additional inspections and proof tests added prior to loading reactive propellants onto a vehicle," the company wrote in the Flight 9 report , which also addressed the June explosion. "SpaceX has also updated its COPV acceptance criteria and developed a new non-destructive evaluation method to detect internal COPV damage." 該公司在第9次飛行報告中（也提及了6月的爆炸）寫道：「為了解決這個問題，未來飛行 的 COPV 將在降低的壓力下運行，並在向飛行器裝載反應性推進劑之前增加額外的檢查和 驗證測試。」「SpaceX 還更新了其 COPV 驗收標準，並開發了一種新的無損檢測方法來 檢測 COPV 內部損壞。」 An ambitious Flight 10 雄心勃勃的第10次飛行 The goals of Flight 10 were similar to those of Flight 9. Once again, SpaceX aimed to perform several experiments with Super Heavy, including a fuel- conserving controlled flip during descent and a landing burn that featured " unique engine configurations," according to company mission preview. 第10次飛行的目標與第9次類似。根據公司的任務預覽，SpaceX 再次旨在對超重型助推器 進行多項實驗，包括下降期間的節省燃料受控翻轉，以及具有「獨特引擎配置」的著陸點 火。 That all seemed to go according to plan today, as did Super Heavy's final move : It made a controlled splashdown in the Gulf of Mexico about seven minutes after launch, just as SpaceX drew it up. 今天這一切似乎都按計劃進行了，超重型助推器的最後一個動作也是如此：它在發射後約 七分鐘，按照 SpaceX 的設想，在墨西哥灣進行了受控濺落。 Ship came through today as well — and it had considerably more work to do. The upper stage separated from Super Heavy on time and achieved its desired suborbital trajectory. Then, during a five-minute stretch that began about 20 minutes after launch, Ship deployed eight dummy versions of SpaceX's Starlink internet satellites, a critical capability it tried but failed to demonstrate on all three of this year's previous Starship flights. 飛船今天也成功了——而且它有更多的工作要做。上層級準時與超重型助推器分離，並達 到了其預期的亞軌道軌跡。然後，在發射後約20分鐘開始的五分鐘時間裡，飛船部署了八 顆 SpaceX Starlink 網際網路衛星的模擬版本，這是一項關鍵能力，在今年前三次星艦 飛行中都嘗試但未能成功。 "Just a reminder, we're on a suborbital trajectory," SpaceX spokesperson Dan Huot said during live commentary. "These satellites on that exact same suborbital trajectory, they're going to burn up entirely." SpaceX 發言人 Dan Huot 在直播評論中說：「提醒一下，我們正處於亞軌道軌跡上。這 些衛星在完全相同的亞軌道軌跡上，它們將完全在大氣層中燃燒殆盡。」 And there will be many satellite deployments from Ship in the future, if all goes to plan: SpaceX is counting on Starship to finish building out its Starlink megaconstellation, which is already the biggest satellite network ever assembled. The giant rocket should carry at least 60 Starlinks at a time, Huot said. 如果一切按計劃進行，未來飛船將部署許多衛星：SpaceX 正在指望星艦完成其 Starlink 巨型星座的建設，該星座已經是有史以來最大的衛星網路。Huot 說，這艘巨型火箭一次 應該能攜帶至少60顆 Starlink 衛星。 Then, about 38 minutes into the flight, Ship briefly ignited one of its engines. This was another big milestone for SpaceX; such in-space re-lights will be needed on operational Starship flights, to help power the vehicles to their distant destinations and to guide them down to Earth for safe touchdowns and reuse. 然後，在飛行約38分鐘後，飛船短暫地點燃了其一台引擎。這是 SpaceX 的另一個重要里 程碑；在星艦的運營飛行中，將需要這種太空中的重新點火，以幫助飛行器前往遙遠的目 的地，並引導它們安全地降落地球並重複使用。 "Looks like we confirmed the relight of one of those center raptor engines second time we've done that," Lee said during live commentary. "Super exciting . Huge congrats to the team on this milestone." Lee 在直播評論中說：「看起來我們確認了其中一台中心猛禽引擎的重新點火，這是我們 第二次這麼做。」「超級令人興奮。祝賀團隊達成這一里程碑。」 "That was a cool light show," Huot added. Huot 補充道：「那是一場很酷的燈光秀。」 About 45 minutes after liftoff, Ship began its reentry to Earth's atmosphere, a violent ordeal that SpaceX made even more harrowing to push the vehicle to its limits. 在升空約45分鐘後，飛船開始重返地球大氣層，這是一個劇烈的考驗，SpaceX 為了將飛 行器推向極限，使其變得更加艱難。 "A significant number of tiles have been removed from Starship to stress-test vulnerable areas across the vehicle during reentry," the company wrote in the Flight 10 mission preview. "Multiple metallic tile options, including one with active cooling, will test alternative materials for protecting Starship during reentry." 「我們從星艦上移除了大量瓷磚，以在重返大氣層期間對飛行器上的脆弱區域進行壓力測 試，」該公司在第10次飛行任務預覽中寫道。「多種金屬瓷磚選項，包括一種帶有主動冷 卻的選項，將測試用於保護星艦在重返時的替代材料。」 Reentry took a toll on Ship. About two minutes in, a chunk of Ship's skirt — the basal part near its engine bay — broke apart, sending debris floating into the final frontier. 重返大氣層對飛船造成了損耗。在重返約兩分鐘後，飛船裙部——位於引擎艙附近的底部 ——的一大塊解體，將碎片送入最終邊界。 "That's not what we want to see," Huot said."We've got some visible damage on the aft skirt. We're continue to re enter, though. Huot 說：「這不是我們想看到的。我們看到後裙部有一些明顯的損壞。但我們仍在繼續 重返。」 The Ship vehicle persevered, surviving in good enough shape to perform its planned landing burn and splashing down in the Indian Ocean as planned. 66.5 minutes after launch. And it was a bullseye landing: Ship came down within view of a buoy-mounted camera that SpaceX set up in the planned splashdown zone. 飛船堅持了下來，保持了足夠好的狀態，執行了預定的著陸點火，並在發射後66.5分鐘按 計劃在印度洋濺落。這是一次精準的著陸：飛船降落在 SpaceX 在預定濺落區設置的浮標 攝影機視野內。 All in all, it was a successful day for SpaceX and the Starship team — one that the company celebrated and will doubtless plan to build on going forward. 總而言之，對於 SpaceX 和星艦團隊來說，這是成功的一天——公司慶祝了這一成就，並 無疑將計劃在此基礎上繼續前進。 "We probably gave it a little bit of extra time in the oven, but made it all the way through reentry ... we promised maximum excitement. Starship delivered ," Huot said as he ticked off each of the Flight 10 milestones Starship nailed during the flight. "Time to go through the data. Really crazy cool to hit all those objectives today." Huot 在列舉星艦在飛行中達成的所有第10次飛行里程碑時說：「我們可能讓它在烤箱裡 多待了一會兒，但它還是完成了整個重返過程......我們承諾會帶來最大的興奮。星艦做 到了。」「是時候去分析數據了。今天能達成所有這些目標，真是太棒了。」 心得/評論： Starship成功，後續NASA一堆計畫終於可以推進了 近期最重要的計畫之一 NASA的月球核電廠計畫Fission Surface Power project 與美國能源部（Department of Energy, DOE） 及其愛達荷國家實驗室（Idaho National Laboratory, INL）合作進行 為了實現這個目標， NASA 和能源部選出了三家公司，進行初步的核電廠設計開發。 這三家主要的公司及其合作夥伴如下： Lockheed Martin($LMT)：與 BWXT Advanced Technologies($BWXT)和 Creare 合作 ，共同設計一個可以在月球表面運行的小型核反應爐。 Westinghouse Electric Company (西屋電氣)：與 Aerojet Rocketdyne 合作， 開發其版本的月球核能系統。 IX：這是 Intuitive Machines($LUNR) 和 Lunar Outpost 的合資企業，也獲得了合約， 進行自己的核電廠設計。 -- ※ 發信站: 批踢踢實業坊(ptt.cc), 來自: 150.117.197.145 (臺灣) ※ 文章網址: https://www.ptt.cc/bbs/Stock/M.1756265416.A.BAD.html